Controlling my genome with my smartphone: first clinical experiences of the PROMISE system.

Amr A^{1 2}, Hinderer M³, Griebel L³, Deuber D⁴, Egger C⁴, Sedaghat-Hamedani F^{1 2}, Kayvanpour E^{1 2}, Huhn D⁵, Haas J^{1 2}, Frese K^{1 2}, Schweig M⁶, Marnau N⁷, Krämer A⁸, Durand C⁹, Battke F⁹, Prokosch HU³, Backes M^{7 8}, Keller A¹⁰, Schröder D⁴, Katus HA^{1 2}, Frey N^{1 2}, Meder B^{11 12 13}

Background: The development of Precision Medicine strategies requires high-dimensional phenotypic and genomic data, both of which are highly privacy-sensitive data types. Conventional data management systems lack the capabilities to sufficiently handle the expected large quantities of such sensitive data in a secure manner. PROMISE is a genetic data management concept that implements a highly secure platform for data exchange while preserving patient interests, privacy, and autonomy.

Methods: The concept of PROMISE to democratize genetic data was developed by an interdisciplinary team. It integrates a sophisticated cryptographic concept that allows only the patient to grant selective access to defined parts of his genetic information with single DNA base-pair resolution cryptography. The PROMISE system was developed for research purposes to evaluate the concept in a pilot study with nineteen cardiomyopathy patients undergoing genotyping, questionnaires, and longitudinal follow-up.

Results: The safety of genetic data was very important to 79%, and patients generally regarded the data as highly sensitive. More than half the patients reported that their attitude towards the handling of genetic data has changed after using the PROMISE app for 4 months (median). The patients reported higher confidence in data security and willingness to share their data with commercial third parties, including pharmaceutical companies (increase from 5 to 32%).

Conclusion: PROMISE democratizes genomic data by a transparent, secure, and patient-centric approach. This clinical pilot study evaluating a genetic data infrastructure is unique and shows that patient’s acceptance of data sharing can be increased by patient-centric decision-making.

Keywords: Big data democratization; Data security; Digital health; Genetic data transfer; Privacy; Whole-genome sequencing.